What concept refers to the distribution of power among different branches of government?

The concept that refers to the distribution of power among different branches of government is separation of powers. This principle is crucial in the architecture of democratic governance, as it ensures that authority is divided among distinct branches—typically the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers, which serve to limit the powers of the others, creating a system of governance that prevents the concentration of power in one branch or individual.

This separation is foundational to the functioning of a democratic system, providing a framework for accountability and preventing abuse of power. Through this structure, each branch can check the actions of the others, thereby fostering a balance within the government. For instance, while the legislature makes laws, the executive enforces them, and the judiciary interprets them, ensuring that no single entity can dominate the government.

Understanding this concept helps clarify how the U.S. Constitution was designed to promote a balanced government that safeguards individual liberties and maintains a system of rule by law.