What is the central bank established in 1913 that may alter interest rates to stimulate the economy?

The Federal Reserve, established in 1913, serves as the central banking system of the United States. Its primary role is to manage the nation's monetary policy, which includes the ability to alter interest rates to help stimulate economic growth or control inflation. By adjusting the federal funds rate, the Federal Reserve can influence the rates at which banks lend to each other, which subsequently impacts interest rates for consumers and businesses. This tool is crucial for economic management, allowing the Federal Reserve to react to changing economic conditions by making borrowing more or less expensive, thus encouraging or discouraging spending and investment.

The other options listed do not serve the same central bank functions. Bank of America is a commercial bank and does not have the authority to adjust monetary policy. The International Monetary Fund focuses on international monetary cooperation and financial stability among countries, while the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation provides deposit insurance to maintain public confidence in the U.S. financial system. Therefore, understanding the uniqueness of the Federal Reserve's role in shaping monetary policy and economic stability is essential in the context of this question.