What type of tax is imposed on goods brought into the United States from abroad?

The correct answer is a tariff. A tariff is a tax specifically levied on goods and products that are imported into a country from foreign nations. This type of tax serves various purposes, such as generating revenue for the government, protecting domestic industries from foreign competition, and regulating the amount of foreign goods entering the market. Tariffs can also be used as a tool of trade policy to influence international trade relations.

In contrast, a flat tax is a fixed tax rate applied to all levels of income, an income tax is a tax based on an individual's earnings, and a sales tax is a tax imposed on the sale of goods and services at the point of purchase. These other types of tax are not directly related to the importation of goods from abroad, which is why they do not fit the context of the question regarding taxes on imported goods.