Which plan proposed a two-house legislature based on population?

The Virginia Plan proposed a two-house legislature, known as a bicameral legislature, where representation in both houses would be based on the population of each state. This plan was introduced at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and aimed to create a stronger national government by providing larger states with more influence. The rationale behind this approach was that populous states would have more citizens and thus should have a greater voice in the legislative process.

This plan was significant in shaping the debate about representation and federalism in the United States. It ultimately contributed to the discussions that led to the framework of the current U.S. Congress, where the House of Representatives allocates seats based on population, while the Senate provides equal representation for each state regardless of size. The fundamental principle behind the Virginia Plan was to ensure that the voices of citizens in more populous states were adequately represented in the national legislature.